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High purity alumina is used in diverse engineering applications including electronics industry, wear resistant parts, corrosion resistant parts, chemical processing, translucent enclosures for highly corrosive sodium vapour (high pressure sodium vapour lamps), synthetic gems, oil and gas processing, refractories and a wide variety of industrial applications. The chemical applications to eliminate foaming and as catalyst in many reactions are well-known. Activated alumina is used for high adsorptive capacity as desiccant. Calcined alumina is used for refractory and ceramic industries. Because of extreme hardness (9.0 in Moh's scale), low thermal reactivity, high melting point (above 2040°C), significant thermal conductivity, high heat and shock resistance, good electrical insulation even at elevated temperatures, good chemical inertness and outstanding mechanical properties, calcined alumina (also known as reactive alumina) is extensively used in the industry for wear resistant parts, corrosion resistant parts and in a wide range of electrical and electronic applications. Some of these properties, including its porosity and shrinkage are affected by the residual soda content and the particle size of the material.